Savita Sihag; Sheetal .; Jitender Pal; Monika Yadav
Abstract
The environmental concern occurs due to the extreme use of synthetic materials that have been fortified to develop innovative, multifunctional, and sustainable materials using copious lignocellulosic biomass. In this present study, work was done on the extraction of nanocellulose from wheat straw, and ...
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The environmental concern occurs due to the extreme use of synthetic materials that have been fortified to develop innovative, multifunctional, and sustainable materials using copious lignocellulosic biomass. In this present study, work was done on the extraction of nanocellulose from wheat straw, and found that wheat straw is an admirable source of cellulose. Chemical processes were used to isolate the cellulose and remove unwanted lignin and hemicellulose from wheat straw followed by sonication, cryo-crushing, and magnetic stirring to achieve nanocellulose. The observed amount of cellulose (36.1%), hemicellulose (30.3%), lignin (17%), and ash content (9.2%) of raw wheat straw. Structural, morphological, and thermal characterization were estimated from FTIR, XRD, FESEM, TEM, DSC, TGA, and AFM for the identification and characterization of extracted cellulose from wheat straw. FTIR showed that the peaks at wavelength 1430.50 cm-1 and 1638.41 cm-1 both show that cellulose is present in the extracted nanocellulose. Extracted nanocellulose was crystalline and had a 68.96% Crystallinity Index. Morphological analysis, FESEM showed that the untreated wheat straw has an irregular porous structure but the extracted nanocellulose has a regular shape having straight fibers connected. TEM analysis showed that the extracted nanocellulose has a spherical shape structure connected, showing the regular shape, the obtained spherical shape regulates the nanocellulose for further applications. Thermal degradation was observed using TGA which shows that the nanocellulose decomposition was observed around 3600C. AFM determination shows a bell-shaped structure on a smooth surface with a particle height of 3.2 nm and the mean roughness of 110.4 nm was obtained from the extracted nanocellulose. Extracted nanocellulose has a particle size of 58.77 nm.
Milind S Patil; Sanjay P Shekhawat
Abstract
This paper discusses the experimental and theoretical performance of a parabolic trough receiver using a nanofluid. The main aim of this work is to analyze the performance enhancement of the parabolic trough collector system. The thermal model is developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Experimental ...
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This paper discusses the experimental and theoretical performance of a parabolic trough receiver using a nanofluid. The main aim of this work is to analyze the performance enhancement of the parabolic trough collector system. The thermal model is developed using Engineering Equation Solver (EES). Experimental analysis was done with a water volume flow rate of 10 L/min and water inlet temperature range from 0 to 45 OC, also the volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticle varied from 1% to 5%. Experimental analysis conducted using Al2O3 nanoparticle mixed with water and used as heat transfer fluid in solar parabolic trough collector. Results compared and observed that the model has very good acceptance with the experimental results. It is observed that the thermal efficiency of the collector increased by 2 to 4% and receiver heat loss decreased from 0.82% to 2.72%. The receiver water temperature increased by 15% for the range of Al2O3 nanoparticle volume fraction. This work was carried out to investigate the use of renewable energy for water heating applications on rural farms in India. Small-sized PTC is simple in construction, economical, and does not require special skills to operate. However, considering the space requirement it would be better to investigate the method to improve the performance of PTC without changing the dimensions. One way to improve the performance is with the use of nanofluids. This work’s main finding is that the Nanoparticle with a volume fraction of 4 will improve the performance. It was observed that the temperature of the water was improved by 15% and the thermal efficiency was increased by 4%.