Reddy Prasad Puthalapattu; Bebi Vakati; Sudheer Kaveti; Santosh Singh; Sreedhar Neelam Yugandhar
Abstract
Butachlor is a herbicide that belongs to the acetanilide family. It is widely used as a granule-based post-emergence herbicide on rice in India. As a result of the ongoing usage of these synthetic substances, soil fertility and soil organisms are declining. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to ...
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Butachlor is a herbicide that belongs to the acetanilide family. It is widely used as a granule-based post-emergence herbicide on rice in India. As a result of the ongoing usage of these synthetic substances, soil fertility and soil organisms are declining. Differential pulse voltammetry was used to determine butachlor herbicide in soil samples with a modified glassy carbon electrode voltammetric sensor with palladium-supported multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Pd@MWCNTs). Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy were used to investigate the morphology of Pd@MWCNTs, while cyclic and differential pulse techniques were used to investigate the voltammetric properties. The butachlor herbicide under voltammetric investigation involves irreversible, two-electron reduction based on the protonation of the carbonyl group (>C=O). The voltammetric method was developed for the determination of butachlor in phosphate buffer solution at pH 6.0 as a supporting electrolyte. A good linear response to butachlor in the concentration ranging from 0.10 μg⸳mL−1 to 32.0 μg⸳mL−1 was observed, and a limit of detection of 0.044 μg⸳mL−1 was obtained with the calculation based on signal/noise=3. The suggested method was efficaciously applied for the detection of butachlor in soil samples.
Amir Hossein Baghaie
Abstract
Reducing the entry of heavy metals into the food chain in plant cultivated in the areas contaminated with heavy compounds or petroleum compounds is one of the main environmental issues. This research was conducted to evaluate the role of co-inoculation of wheat with piriformospora indica and pseudomonas ...
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Reducing the entry of heavy metals into the food chain in plant cultivated in the areas contaminated with heavy compounds or petroleum compounds is one of the main environmental issues. This research was conducted to evaluate the role of co-inoculation of wheat with piriformospora indica and pseudomonas putida on plant Cd concentration which has been planted in the Cd and petroleum hydrocarbon -polluted soil and treated with Zn oxide nanoparticles and agricultural steel slag. Treatments consisted of Cd-polluted soil (0, 10 and 20 mg kg-1 soil) that was amended with 0 and 2 % (W/W) Zn oxide nanoparticles and agricultural steel slag and the wheat plant that was co-inoculated with P.indica and P.putida that which was cultivated in a soil that was naturally polluted with petroleum hydrocarbon. After 90 days, plants were harvested and the Cd concentration was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. In addition the degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil was determined. Plant co-inoculation with P.indica and P.putida significantly decreased and increased the plant Cd concentration and degradation rate of petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil by 13.1 and 14.9%, respectively. In addition, using 2 % (W/W) Zn oxide nanoparticles and agricultural steel slag significantly decresed the plant Cd concentration by 18.2 and 15.4%, respectively. It can be concluded that plant co-inoculation with P.indica and P.putida had additive effect on degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon in the soil that was amended with Zn oxide nanoparticles and agricultural steel slag.