ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis and characterization of novel Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures for sunlight induced degradation of phenolic pollutant
Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures have been successfully synthesized by a novel precipitation method and the synthesis involves three steps. The first step involves the synthesis of Mg (OH)2nanoparticles using homogeneous precipitation method. Then, surface-modifying agent citric acid was used to functionalise Mg (OH)2. Finally, the cadmium sulfide (CdS) shell was deposited on the surface modified Mg (OH)2by co-precipitation method. The Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy. DRS results showed blue shift of CdS band gap absorption with respect to bulk CdS. XPS results showed evidence for the binding energies of Mg(OH)2, Cd and S. The Mg (OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures was explored as catalyst for sunlight induced photocatalytic degradation of β- naphthol pollutant. The batch of 0.2 mg/ mL of Mg (OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures maintained at pH 8.5 showed maximum photodegradation efficiency (75 ± 2.1 %). Higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency for Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures could be due to incorporation of CdS and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The reusability of the Mg (OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures was also tested, and they show stability for up to three cycles without loss of efficiency.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248282_e22c681599ce756f5cde5cd4471a8a28.pdf
2021-10-01
294
305
10.22090/jwent.2021.04.001
Mg(OH)2/CdS heteronanostructures
β- naphthol pollutant
Photocatalysis
Aishwarya
Singh
kamalkala316@gmail.com
1
Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University Delhi-110006 Ph: 08826629331
AUTHOR
bhavani
nenavathu
nenavathbhavani@gmail.com
2
applied sciences and humanities department, indira gandhi delhi technical university for wome, delhi, india.110006
LEAD_AUTHOR
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1
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2
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3
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5
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6
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35
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
“Synthesis of Nano composite CeO2:SiO2: Highly efficient photocatalysts for degradation of Industrial waste Dyes”
Nanocrystalline UV light induced composite CeO2:SiO2 with high surface area and low band gap energy were prepared in order to assess its photocatalytic degradation capacity of target pollutant (mixture of dyes). The complete mineralization of target dye pollutants (30 ppm) occurred within 150 min. when CeO2:SiO2 catalyst with optimum loading 0.4 g was used. Overall, the present system is economical, reproducible and highly efficient. Further the comparative study on photocatalytic efficiency of SiO2 and CeO2 was compared with composite CeO2:SiO2. The effect of various operational parameters used in degradation like concentration of dye, amount of photocatalyst and various catalyst has been studied on the rate of reaction. The recyclability of the photocatalyst, CeO2:SiO2 was performed up to four runs. The photodegradation of waste water pollutants was occurred nearly 96 % using CeO2:SiO2 nanoparticles. The removal of waste water pollutants was confirmed by UV spectrophotometer by diminishing the absorbance to zero within 120 min using CeO2:SiO2 nanoparticles. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by various analytical investigative techniques like UV-DRS, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM and BET.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248283_9b0d2d810b29d949a4c62f19804e8d84.pdf
2021-10-01
306
316
10.22090/jwent.2021.538176.1427
Composite nanoparticles
photocatalyst
Photodegradation
Industrial waste dye
Jyoti
Agashe
jyotiagashe@gmail.com
1
HPT Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.
AUTHOR
Dipak
Tope
dipak.tope@gmail.com
2
HPT Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune.
AUTHOR
sachin
Kushare
sachinkushare@gmail.com
3
HPT Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik
AUTHOR
Ashok
Borhade
ashokborhade2007@gmail.com
4
HPT Arts and RYK Science College, Nashik
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Kuzushita K, Morimota S. Charge disproportionation and magnetic properties in perovskite iron oxides Nasu S, Physica B. 2003;329:736.
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2. Ardila-Leal LD, Poutou-Piñales RA, Pedroza-Rodríguez AM, Quevedo-Hidalgo BE. A Brief History of Colour, the Environmental Impact of Synthetic Dyes and Removal by Using Laccases. Molecules. 2021;26(13):3813.
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3. Lellis B, Fávaro-Polonio CZ, Pamphile JA, Polonio JC. Effects of textile dyes on health and the environment and bioremediation potential of living organisms. Biotechnology Research and Innovation. 2019;3(2):275-90.
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13. Rathore P, Ameta R, Sharma S. Photocatalytic Degradation of Azure A Using N-Doped Zinc Oxide. Journal of Textile Science and Technology. 2015;01(03):118-26.
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23
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A novel way to use metal nitrates for environmental remediation with the help of photocatalytic action of Titania Tenorite nanocomposite
In this work we are suggesting a method to reduce the amount of metal nitrates used in industrial and agricultural applications with the help of photocatalytic effect. Also, the work discusses how the residual amount of metal nitrates in the soil can be made useful through the same effect. Though metal nitrates like ferric nitrate and nickel nitrate shows characteristic absorption in the UV region, what we observed is an enhancement in this UV absorption when we treated this metal nitrates with Titania Tenorite nanocomposite due to its photocatalytic action. This absorbance enhancement property is an indication of increase in concentration of the metal nitrates in the solution with light irradiation. The increase in M–OH bonds owing to the action of the nanocomposite in the presence of light is the reason by which metal nitrates absorption increases. In precise a tiny amount of metal nitrates is needed for any practical use as it can automatically increase its concentration in presence of the nanocomposite by photocatalytic reaction. This will reduce the disposal of unwanted amount of metal nitrates into the surrounding especially water bodies. Also, the residue amount in the soil can act as UV absorbers. Thus, the combination of the metal nitrates with the nanocomposite can be made used for environmental remediation where the metal nitrates are used in large quantities.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248284_50bb88ea59e3c93ce0cda7c859fd624f.pdf
2021-10-01
317
325
10.22090/jwent.2021.04.003
TiO2/CuO nanocomposite
spectroscopic techniques
UV-Visible spectroscopy
absorbance enhancement
UV absorbers
Neena
Kurien
annaneena@yahoo.co.in
1
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College Changanacherry
LEAD_AUTHOR
K. V.
Divya
divyakv2007@gmail.com
2
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanacherry, Kottayam, Kerala-686101, India.
AUTHOR
Jessyamma
Kurian
jessybamct@gmail.com
3
Department of Physics, Bishop Abraham Memorial College, Thuruthicadu, Pathanamthitta, Kerala-689597
AUTHOR
K. E.
Abraham
abrahamke@gmail.com
4
Department of Physics, St. Berchmans College, Changanacherry, Kottayam, Kerala-686101, India.
AUTHOR
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ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Degradation of Acid Red 18 in an aqueous environment by TiO2/Zeolite nano photocatalyst
In this study, the TiO2 nanoparticles were supported on Y-type zeolite as a new photocatalyst and used to degrade Acid Red 18 in aqueous media. The nano photocatalyst was synthesized by coprecipitation procedure and characterized by Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) was employed for experimental design. The effect of operative variables including contact time, photocatalyst dosage and pH were investigated. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) studies displays the second-order regression model and a high determination coefficient value (R2 = 0.9953, R2pred = 0.9642, R2adj = 0.9910) for the destruction of AR18 was obtained. The contour plots were applied to study the shares of each variable and their interactions on the degradation of AR18. The optimal circumstances predicted by the model were as the following: the catalyst concentration at 0.88g/L, pH at 6.5, and contact time in 125 min. In this situation, the predicted and actual dye removal were 98.5% and 96.3%, respectively. The removal of COD (chemical oxygen demand) after 125 min was 53% indicating, the notable performance of photocatalyst in mineralization of AR18.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248285_630bc9f34f8b50afc74152b3a61227f0.pdf
2021-10-01
326
337
10.22090/jwent.2021.04.004
TiO2/Zeolite photocatalyst
Y-type zeolite
Acid Red 18
Central composite design
Co-precipitation method
Aref
Shokri
aref.shokri3@gmail.com
1
payamenoor university, Department of chemistry
LEAD_AUTHOR
Safoora
Krimi
s.karimiaut@gmail.com
2
Department of chemical engineering, Dezful university, Iran
AUTHOR
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[2] R.O.A. de Lima, A.P. Bazo, D.M.F. Salvadori, C.M. Rech, D. de Palma Oliveira, G. de Aragão Umbuzeiro, Mutagenic and carcinogenic potential of a textile azo dye processing plant effluent that impacts a drinking water source, Mutat. Res. Genet. Toxicol. Environ. Mutagen. 626 (2007) 53-0.
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[3] R.L. Couch, J.T. Price, P. Fatehi, Production of flocculant from thermomechanical pulping lignin via nitric acid treatment, ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 4 (2016)1954-1962.
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[4] H.R. Rajabi, H. Arjmand, S.J. Hoseini, H. Nasrabadi, Surface modified magnetic nanoparticles as efficient and green sorbents: synthesis, characterization, and application for the removal of anionic dye, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 394 (2015) 7-13.
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[5] A. Shokri, A kinetic study and application of electro-Fenton process for the remediation of aqueous environment containing toluene in a batch reactor, Russ. J. Appl. Chem. 90 (3), 452-457.
5
[6] A Bayat, A Shokri, Degradation of p-Nitrotoluene in aqueous environment by Fe (II)/Peroxymonosulfate using full factorial experimental design, Sep. Sci. Technol., 1-10.
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[7] B. Rahimi, A. Ebrahimi, Photocatalytic process for total arsenic removal using an innovative BiVO4/TiO2/LED system from aqueous solution: Optimization by response surface methodology (RSM), J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 1 (2019) 64–79.
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[8] A.I.J. Joseph, S. Thiripuranthagan, Non-metal doped titania photocatalysts for the degradation of neonicotinoid insecticides under visible light irradiation, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 18 (2018) 3158–3164.
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[10] H. Sharma, H. Mahajan, B. Jamwal, S. Paul, Cu@ Fe3O4-TiO2-L-dopa: a novel and magnetic catalyst for the Chan-Lam cross-coupling reaction in ligand free conditions, Catal. Commun. 107 (2018) 68–73.
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[11] K. Kang, J. Yan, J. Zhang, J. Du, J. Yi, Y. Liu, R. Bao, S. Tan, G. Gan, (Ge, GeO2, Ta2O5, BaCO3) co-doping TiO2 varistor ceramics, J. Alloys. Compd. 649 (2015) 1280–1290.
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[12] W. Song, H. Zhao, L. Wang, S. Liu, Z. Li, Co‐doping Nitrogen/Sulfur through a solid‐state reaction to enhance the electrochemical performance of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles as a sodium‐ion battery anode, Chem. Electro. Chem. 5 (2018) 316–321.
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14
[15] A. Shokri, A. Hassani Joshaghani, Using microwave along with TiO2 for the degradation of 4-Chloro- 2-Nitro phenol in aqueous environment, Russ. J Appl Chem., 89 (2016)1985–1990.
15
[16] H. Abdullah, M. d. Maksudur, R. Khan, H. R. Ong, Z. Yaakob, Modified TiO2 photocatalyst for CO2 photocatalytic reduction: An overview, Journal of CO2 Utilization 22, 2017, 15-32.
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[17] M. Janus, E. Kusiak-Nejman, A.W. Morawski, Determination of the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 with high adsorption capacity., Reaction Kinetics, Mechanisms and Catalysis, 103 (2011) 279-288.
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[18] A Shokri, K Mahanpoor, Degradation of ortho-toluidine from aqueous solution by the TiO2/O3 process, International Journal of Industrial Chemistry 8 (1), 101-108.
18
[19] M Rostami, H Mazaheri, A Hassani Joshaghani, A Shokri, Using Experimental Design to Optimize the Photo-degradation of P-Nitro Toluene by Nano-TiO2 in Synthetic Wastewater, Int. J. Eng., 32 (8), 1074-1081.
19
[20] R. Djellabi, M.F. Ghorab, G. Cerrato, S. Morandi, S. Gatto, V. Oldani, A. Di Michele, C. L. Bianchi, Photoactive TiO2–montmorillonite composite for degradation of organic dyes in water, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A: Chemistry, 295 (2014) 57-63.
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[21] M. N. Chong, Z.Y. Tneu, P.E. Poh, B. Jin, Aryal R. Synthesis, characterisation and application of TiO2–zeolite nanocomposites for the advanced treatment of industrial dye wastewater, J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng., 50 (2015) 288-296.
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[23] M. Ito, S. Fukahori, T. Fujiwara, Adsorptive removal and photocatalytic decomposition of sulfamethazine in secondary effluent using TiO2–zeolite composites, Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., 21(2014) 834-842.
22
[22] A Shokri, K Mahanpoor, Removal of Ortho-Toluidine from Industrial Wastewater by UV/TiO2 Process, J Chem Health Risk (JCHR) 6 (3), 213-223.
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[24] F. Maraschi, M. Sturini, A. Speltini, L. Pretali, A. Profumo, A. Pastorello, V. Kumar, M. Ferretti, V. Caratto, TiO2-modified zeolites for fluoroquinolones removal from wastewaters and reuse after solar light regeneration, J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2 (2014) 2170-2176.
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[30] A Shokri, Removal of Acid red 33 from aqueous solution by Fenton and photo Fenton processes, J Chem Health Risc (JCHR) 7 (2), 119-131.
30
[31] A Shokri, S Karimi, Treatment of aqueous solution containing acid red 14 using an electro peroxone process and a box-Behnken experimental design, Archives of Hygiene Sciences 9 (1), 48-57.
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[32] Shokri, A., “Investigation of UV/H2O2 process for removal of Ortho-Toluidine from industrial wastewater by response surface methodology based on the central composite design“, Desalination and Water Treatment, Vol.58 (2017), 258–266.
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[35] Jafari N, Ebrahimpour K, Abdolahnejad A, Karimi M, Ebrahimi A. Efficient degradation of microcystin-LR by BiVO4/TiO2 photocatalytic nanocomposite under visible light. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2019; 17(2): 1171-83. doi: 10.1007/s40201-019-00432-4.
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38
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using bioflocculant extracted from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L) Moench) and its application towards elimination of toxic metals from wastewater: A statistical approach
In recent years, the development in the field of nanotechnology is due to the fascinating properties of nanoparticles. In the present study, plant based bioflocculant extracted from the fruits of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) was purified, characterized and used for the biosynthesis of iron nanoparticles. Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectral analysis revealed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl and sugar derivatives in the bioflocculant. The biosynthesized Fe nanoparticles were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force microscopy (AFM). TEM analysis was performed and the size of synthesized Fe nanoparticles was found to be 50 nm which was assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS) analysis. Flocculation activity of bioflocculant mediated Fe nanoparticles (BFFeNPs) was tested. The effects of various parameters on Pb(II)removal using BFFeNPs were evaluated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Box Behnken Design (BBD).The BFFeNPs exhibited high Pb (II) removal efficiency (91.45%) under optimized parameters viz. pH 6, BFFeNPs dosage 0.2 g/L, contact time 30 min and temperature 30º C. A quadratic polynomial model was fit with the actual data of R2 0.99 for metal removal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential use of Okra bioflocculant mediated Fe nanoparticles synthesis for the cost effective and eco-friendly removal of lead from wastewater.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248286_6f05b4e53aa9c5b4ed8ff547afcb58da.pdf
2021-10-01
338
355
10.22090/jwent.2021.04.005
Bioflocculant mediated Fe nanoparticles
Box Behnken Design (BBD)
Flocculation Activity
Heavy metal removal
Response surface methodology
Ashwini
Shende
ashwinishende924@gmail.com
1
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TamilNadu, India
AUTHOR
NILANJANA
MITRA
nilanjanamitra@vit.ac.in
2
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, TamilNadu, India
LEAD_AUTHOR
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60
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Laser Scribed Graphene from Oil Palm Lignin for Supercapacitor Applications
This paper reports a facile carbonization method of a biopolymer to synthesize reduced graphene oxide with excellent electrochemical properties for use as a supercapacitor electrode. Oil palm lignin is used as the biopolymer-based graphene precursor, and a carbon dioxide laser is used to carbonize the material via lithography. Using Raman Spectroscopy, the characterization of the resultant graphene (OP-LSG) revealed D, G, and 2D peaks corresponding to multilayer graphene. Scanning Electron Microscopy of OP-LSG revealed three-dimensional particle-like fibrous and porous nanostructures with an enhanced surface area. In a three-electrode setup in ferrocyanide electrolyte, cyclic voltammetry showed the electrode coated with OP-LSG achieving a specific capacitance as high as 108.044 mF/cm² at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s. The galvanostatic charge-discharge of OP-LSG revealed energy and power density values of 15 µWh/cm² and 597 µW/cm² at a scan rate of 0.01 V/s. The OP-LSG electrode retained 97.5% of its initial capacitance after 1000 charge-discharge cycles.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248287_fab6c46ffc8ac4c3bdcf02c12efb3106.pdf
2021-10-01
356
366
10.22090/jwent.2021.04.006
Reduced graphene oxide
electric double layer capacitor
laser lithography
graphene electrode
biopolymer
Narasimhaa Naidu
Loganathan
narasimhaa.naidu.5@gmail.com
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Kabilashen Readdyi
Munusamy
kabilashen_23908@utp.edu.my
2
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Veeradasan
Perumal
veeradasan.perumal@utp.edu.my
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Centre of Innovative Nanostructure and Nanodevices, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Malaysia.
AUTHOR
Bothi Raja
Pandian
bothiraja@usm.my
4
School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia.
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50
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic application of ZnWO4/ZrO2 nanocomposite towards degradation of methyl orange dye
Visible light active ZnWO4/ZrO2 nanocomposite was prepared via hydrothermal method. The nanocomposite was characterized by UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis-DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The XRD results showed that average particle size of ZrO2, ZnWO4 and ZnWO4/ZrO2 were found to be 29.20 nm, 23.78 nm and 20.14 nm respectively and the phase structure for ZrO2 and ZnWO4 in the composite was Rhombohedral and Monoclinic respectively. The UV–vis absorption spectra of the ZnWO4/ZrO2 nanocomposite noticeably shifted to the visible light region compared to that of the ZrO2. The prepared photocatalyst were composed of plate and spongy sphere with little agglomeration was seen from SEM result. The photocatalytic activities of the prepared nanocomposite was evaluated for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light irradiations. The effect of operational parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, catalyst concentration and irradiation time have been investigated in detail. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnWO4/ZrO2, ZnWO4 and ZrO2 for 95%, 72% and 60 % respevtively. The high photocatalytic activity can be attributed to stronger absorption in the visible light region, a greater specific surface area, smaller crystal sizes, more surface OH groups, and to the effect of ZnWO4 doping, which resulted in a lower band gap energy.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248288_c455331117158eb011140a3291cb091e.pdf
2021-10-01
367
378
10.22090/jwent.2021.04.007
ZnWO4/ZrO2
Photocatalysis
Visible light
Methyl orange
Buvaneswari
K
bhuvanasrnmc@gmail.com
1
P.G. Department of Chemistry, Sri S.Ramasamy Naidu Memorial College, Sattur- 626203. Tamilnadu, India.
AUTHOR
Arunadevi
R
arunarajan3@gmail.com
2
D.K.M.College for Women, Vellore
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sashikala
S
sashikala1976@gmail.com
3
P.G and Research Department of Chemistry, D.K.M.College for Women (Autonomous), Vellore-632001, Tamilnadu, India.
AUTHOR
Kavipriya
K
kavipriyak15@gmail.com
4
Thiravium College of Arts and Science for Women, Kailasapatti, Periyakulam, Theni DT
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47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Synthesis of a Nanostructure Molecularly Imprinted Copolymer for Separation of Antifungal Bioactive Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate from Biocontrol Fungi Metabolites
Among biocontrol fungi, Trichoderma species produce a wide range of bioactive compounds with antifungal activities. In this study, Di-(2-Ethylhexyl) Phthalate (DEHP) is identified via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) device in Trichoderma atroviridae (1-3) secondary metabolites and its antifungal effectiveness is confirmed. An eco-friendly approach for the extraction of DEHP is carried out by a nanoporous molecularly imprinted methacrylic acid-based network copolymer as a solid sorbent. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are synthesized by precipitation polymerization using DEHP as a template, methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TRIM) as a cross-linker with molecular ratio (1: 4: 8). After the removal of DEHP, the nanoporous polymer can recognize and rebind specifically the same or structurally very similar molecules. The synthesized MIPs exhibit a suitable tendency to absorb the template with the highest binding capacity of 300 mg/g for DEHP in n-Hexane solvent as a solid phase extraction (SPE) system. The measured particle size of the MIPs with dynamic light scattering (DLS) is reported 75.38 nm. In addition, the porosity of the MIPs is evaluated by nitrogen gas adsorption/desorption using Brouneur Emmet Teller (BET) analysis. Results shows that nanoporous MIPs with an average pore diameter of 2.70 nm and a specific surface area of 309 (cm3/g) are achieved. According to the above-mentioned results, nanoporous MIPs can be considered as an acceptable candidate for separation of the antifungal bioactive compounds (natural fungicide) such as DEHP as an eco-friendly method to replace chemical pesticides.
https://www.jwent.net/article_248289_90bdb4af0f81b79a48118376da3c9af3.pdf
2021-10-01
379
384
10.22090/jwent.2021.538642.1429
Antifungal
DEHP
Molecularly imprinted polymers
nanostructure
Separation
Mitra
Madani Gargari
m_mitra1339@yahoo.com
1
Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
AUTHOR
Kamran
Rahnama
rahnama@gau.ac.ir
2
Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan branch, Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Maede
Shahiri Tabarestani
maedeshahiri@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
AUTHOR
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