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(Cd/Olive) > (Pb/Citrus) > (Cd/Citrus). In this process, saponins was isolated and heavy metals were eliminated by a simple, faster and without a huge amount of solvents. The process itself seems to be green isolation of saponins from plants, green removal of heavy metal from aqueous waste streams or green preparation of heavy metal saponin complexes. The process exhibits several advantages and hence benefits, among of them are shorter setting time, higher volume reduction factor and no chemical or solvents used. Direct combination between heavy metals solution and plant extract solution to prepare saponin complex could be considered three in one process. During preparation of the complex, saponin isolated or extracted by heavy metals and the heavy metal eliminated or removed by saponin solution.]]>
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0.99). The adsorption isotherm of MB onto modified TiO2 nanoparticles fitted into the Temkin equation. In addition, thermodynamic studies indicate the spontaneous behavior of adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes.]]>
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