Mourad Berrabah; Khadidja Benyahia; Ahlem Zerfa; Hassiba Bouabdesselam
Abstract
The Beni Saf Water Company (BWC) desalination plant in Ain Témouchent (Algeria) uses reverse osmosis technique. This process, which is based on dense membranes operating at high pressure, produces a permeate with characteristics that exceeds the necessary requirements. However, the Reverse Osmosis ...
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The Beni Saf Water Company (BWC) desalination plant in Ain Témouchent (Algeria) uses reverse osmosis technique. This process, which is based on dense membranes operating at high pressure, produces a permeate with characteristics that exceeds the necessary requirements. However, the Reverse Osmosis (RO) technique suffers from the following limitations: high energy consumption, low water recovery and excessive fouling of membranes. We conducted this work to contribute to the study of seawater desalination by introducing another system such as Nanofiltration (NF) to reduce energy consumption and retard the fouling of RO membranes. This research study is focused on the installation of Nanofiltration membranes to desalinate seawater with a salinity of about 35mg/L, in order to protect RO membranes and reduce their fouling. NF was found to be effective for partial and selective desalination of the studied seawater in single or two stages, with lower energy consumption than RO. The ESNA1-LF-LD Nanofiltration membrane is more suitable and competitive compared to SWC4-LD for seawater desalination with a 99% removal rate of multivalent ions. It allows for partial desalination and also allows for the preparation of water for industrial use (cooling....) at twice the pressure and at higher conversion rates (90%). These characteristics provide system designers with new options to reduce the capital cost of the system as well as the operating costs.
K Sahithya; T Mouli; PR Devika; CK Harshitha
Abstract
Nanoscale materials are widely used in many fields including medicine, engineering, and the environment that focuses on the synthesis of nano dimensional particles is a timely topic. Nanomaterials synthesized by chemical approaches have intended effects on the environment and human health. In response ...
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Nanoscale materials are widely used in many fields including medicine, engineering, and the environment that focuses on the synthesis of nano dimensional particles is a timely topic. Nanomaterials synthesized by chemical approaches have intended effects on the environment and human health. In response to these challenges, plant-mediated synthesis of inorganic nanoparticles has been a highly innovative research area over the last decade. Aqueous and solvent extracts have been employed as efficient resources in synthesis-controlled nanostructures and the fabrication of various nanomaterials. The present article unveils the possible role of plant biomolecules including amino acids, aldehydes, terpenoids, ketones, tannins, and phenolics in the reduction and stabilization of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. The green synthesized nanoparticles evolved as efficient alternative agents in solving the serious threats faced in the field of biomedical, energy conversion, environment, automobiles, electronics, and optical. Moreover, catalytic, and antimicrobial applications of green nanoparticles are also critically discussed.
Ahdieh Bavi; Mohammad Ghorbanpour; Mohammed Jaafar Ali Alatabe
Abstract
This study investigated the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions using Mg solid state exchanged bentonite. Parent bentonite and magnesium exchanged bentonite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Energy dispersive ...
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This study investigated the removal of methylene blue dye from aqueous solutions using Mg solid state exchanged bentonite. Parent bentonite and magnesium exchanged bentonite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The parent bentonite showed the lowest removal efficiency (40.3%) and prepared magnesium exchanged bentonite for 10 min showed the highest removal efficiency (54.8%). Thus, dye absorption by modified bentonite increased compared to parent bentonite. After its modification by the ion exchange method, the specific surface was changed from 44.5 to 56.05 M2/g. EDX results indicate that the cation exchange process has been completed successfully. Ion exchange causes some minor changes in bentonite morphology and crystallinity. The best conditions for removing methylene blue using magnesium exchanged bentonite was pH 10, adsorbent dosage 0.05 mg/liter, initial concentration of solution 100 mg per liter, and contact time of 120 minutes with a Removal efficiency of 96.67. The Langmuir isotherm had a better correlation coefficient than the Freundlich adsorption model, which indicated the homogeneous surface of the adsorbent.
Shobha Musmade; Dinesh Punja Hase; Amit S Waghmare; Kailas R Kadam; Jayshree Khedkar; Anil G Gadhave; Kanhaiyalal S Bhavsar; Vaishali Dattatray Murade
Abstract
In the present work, truncated octahedron and octahedron shaped Cu2O and Cu2O/TiO2-QD composite have been synthesized using precipitation method and used as a photocatalyst. Synthesized material was characterized by using various analytical techniques- XRD, SEM, TEM and UV-Visible DRS. TEM images clearly ...
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In the present work, truncated octahedron and octahedron shaped Cu2O and Cu2O/TiO2-QD composite have been synthesized using precipitation method and used as a photocatalyst. Synthesized material was characterized by using various analytical techniques- XRD, SEM, TEM and UV-Visible DRS. TEM images clearly shows that the TiO2 was highly dispersed and firmly anchored on single crystals of copper oxide in Cu2O/TiO2-QD composite and also confirmed the truncated octahedron and octahedron shapes of copper oxide. The excellent performance of synthesized Cu2O/TiO2-QD photocatalyst has been proved the maximum degradation (89.00%) of Congo red dye at pH=6. The effect of various parameters in the dye degradation such as influence of pH, amount of photocatalyst, concentration of dye and reusability of the photocatalyst has been studied. The highest degradation rate was found with concentration of Congo red dye 9 mg/L, 150mg/L of Cu2O/TiO2-QD, and 110 min. Thus, the photocatalytic performance of Cu2O/TiO2-QD composite revealed the excellent and effective degradation of Congo-red dye.
Ravindra Ashok Sharma; Prajakta Kashinath Jagtap
Abstract
Recently, there has been an increase in research interest in metal nanoparticles and their synthesis because of their various applications in different industrial areas. The current study deals with the Actinomycetes-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) isolated from mangrove soil and to ...
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Recently, there has been an increase in research interest in metal nanoparticles and their synthesis because of their various applications in different industrial areas. The current study deals with the Actinomycetes-mediated synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) isolated from mangrove soil and to further access its application in different fields. Eight different soil samples were collected from three different mangrove sites located in Mumbai. A total of 15 different Actinomycetes isolates were obtained from soil samples and studied in the present investigation and were screened for metal tolerance. It was found that out of 15 isolates, only 3 were able to tolerate the highest metal salt concentration i.e. 10-1M. The synthesized CuNPs were further investigated with various characterizations such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD. The identification of isolate GRC1 was done as per Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology Volume 5 for preliminary identification of Actinomycetes and was identified as Streptomyces sp. This isolate was further characterized by Vitek MS and it was identified as Streptomyces verticillus. The inhibition zone by biosynthesized CuNPs was significantly greater when compared with standard antibiotics and CuSO4. The calculated degradation efficiency after 5hrs of incubation was 59.67% and 96.26% for Red M8B and Reactive green, respectively. Prevention of biofilm formation by CuNPs was confirmed by microscopic technique and significant inhibition of biofilm was observed. Thus, the mangrove Actinomycetes mediated bio-fabrication of CuNPs should gain much attention because of their unique properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, catalytic activity, wound healing, and antifouling.
Mounaguru Sindhudevi; Subramanian Srinivasan; Balakrishnan Karthekiyan; Arumugam Muthuvel
Abstract
In the present studies, cytotoxicity evaluation of camphor-mediated bimetallic nanoparticles has been done. The IC50 value of Te combined Se, Zr, and Ce bimetallic nanoparticles are 18.0, 16.0, 175.4,38.9 µg/ml respectively. A maximum proportion of cell activity attained at 16 µg/ml reveals ...
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In the present studies, cytotoxicity evaluation of camphor-mediated bimetallic nanoparticles has been done. The IC50 value of Te combined Se, Zr, and Ce bimetallic nanoparticles are 18.0, 16.0, 175.4,38.9 µg/ml respectively. A maximum proportion of cell activity attained at 16 µg/ml reveals the size-dependent anticancer property of TeSe, Tezr, and TeCe BNPs towards the MCF -7 Cell line and SeZr towards skin cancer cell lines. The surface morphology with particle size and optical attribute of camphor-mediated BNPs can be analyzed by various studies such as Uv- visible spectroscopy, XRD, AFM, SEM –EDX, HR-TEM, and XPS study the size of the SeZr BNPs was observed to less than 100 nm, which conforms to the bioactive nature of bimetallic nanoparticles. In addition, the photocatalytic behaviour of camphor-mediated SeZr BNPs has been tested by using methylene blue dye under natural sunlight and UV illumination. Hence, the result of the studies shows a maximum of 87% degradation within 60 min for same concentration solution at PH 9 which can be due to increases in hydroxyl ion concentration. Further, a comparative study in catalytic activity on photo degradation of MB dye with an optimized sample was carried out under UV irradiation. The reusability test was performed after 60 min degradation, implying the Photocatalyst’s stability. Further, pseudo -first- order kinetic model was performed for obtained data. This is the first report on catalytic degradation using camphor-mediated SeZr BNPs to effective removal of pollutants in waste water streams
Latha Vatchalan
Abstract
Water is, indisputably, the most vital component of life on earth. Water is a life elixir and its hardness is defined by the high concentration of magnesium, calcium, lead, chromium, iron, and mercury. The hardness of water limits its domestic and industrial usage severely. Therefore it is essential ...
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Water is, indisputably, the most vital component of life on earth. Water is a life elixir and its hardness is defined by the high concentration of magnesium, calcium, lead, chromium, iron, and mercury. The hardness of water limits its domestic and industrial usage severely. Therefore it is essential to suggest a simple, low-cost, and robust method for hard water treatment by evaluating the results in terms of Physicochemical parameters. In this paper, an efficient approach for hard water treatment by using synthesized carbon nanoparticles (C NPs) of Phyllanthus Emblica wood barks. The water samples are collected from the towns and villages located in Virudhunagar and Tuticorin District. For hardness treatment, in this work the physicochemical parameters considered are pH, TDS, dissolved Oxygen, Ca, Mg, Chloride, Alkalinity, and hardness levels. The experimental analysis, cleared that the proposed carbon nanoparticles synthesized from Phyllanthus Emblica wood barks are a very efficient and cost-effective solution.
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